Monday, December 30, 2019

Isoelectronic Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Isoelectronic refers to two atoms, ions, or molecules that have the same electronic structure and the same number of valence electrons. The term means equal electric or equal charge. Isoelectronic chemical species typically display similar chemical properties. Atoms or ions with the same electronic configurations are said to be isoelectronic to each other or to have the same isoelectronicity. Related Terms: Isoelectronicity, Valence-Isoelectronic Isoelectronic Examples The K ion is isoelectronic with the Ca2 ion. The carbon monoxide molecule (CO) is isoelectronic to nitrogen gas (N2) and NO. CH2CO is isoelectronic to CH2NN. CH3COCH3 and CH3NNCH3 are not isoelectronic. They have the same number of electrons, but different electron structures. The amino acids cysteine, serine, tellurocysteine, and selenocysteine are isoelectronic, at least with respect to valence electrons. More Examples of Isoelectronic Ions and Elements Isoelectronic Ions/Elements Electron Configuration He, Li+ 1s2 He, Be2+ 1s2 Ne, F- 1s2 2s2 2p6 Na+, Mg2+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 K, Ca2+ [Ne]4s1 Ar, S2- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 S2-, P3- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 Uses of Isoelectronicity Isoelectronicity may be used to predict the properties and reactions of a species. It is used to identify hydrogen-like atoms, which have one valence electron and are thus isoelectronic to hydrogen. The concept may be applied to predict or identify unknown or rare compounds based on their electronic resemblance to known species.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Persuasive Essay On Naps - 1598 Words

Naps. Everyone has taken naps at some point in their life. We take them after a long day of school, a long day of work, or when we didn’t get enough sleep the night before. We take naps all the time, but do we truly know how naps affect our body? Do we truly know how we benefit from naps? Sleep is a complicated process that many of us take for granted. Without sleep, we would die. Sleep has many benefits, but unfortunately some people with sleep disorders or people with night shift jobs are unable to experience the benefits of sleep. The majority of people in the world face sleep deprivation because they do not get the recommended eight hours of sleep a night. Since many people are constantly in a sleep deprived state, they are unaware†¦show more content†¦When we take naps, we are contributing to our brain forming these key memories. When conducting a study, researchers found that our memories are formed and consolidated in the REM and Stage 2 NREM categories of sle ep. They discovered that â€Å"REM and Stage 2 NREM support a variety of powerful sleep-dependent memory processes that act to (i) enlarge the neural networks in which memories are stored, (ii) integrate these new memories with other, older memories, into rich semantic networks, and (iii) extract patterns and rules from large bodies of encoded information† (Stickgold). When we enter REM sleep or Stage 2 during our naps, we undergoing these processes and consolidating memories that we will utilize in the future. Along with memory consolidation, research has also â€Å"emphasized the importance of NREM sleep including stage 2 for efficient motor consolidation† (Debarnot). Motor imagery goes along with our memories. Studies were conducted and they showed that daytime naps helped with not only memory consolidation, but with our motor imagery. The results proved that daytime naps helped people perform different motor skills and tasks after following their nap. When researchers compared the data with people who had not taken a nap, they saw that by not taking a nap, their ability to perform the same tasks was actually slowed down compared to those that had taken a nap (Debarnot). This researchShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunication 341 †¢ Nonverbal Communication 341 Organizational Communication 342 Formal Small-Group Networks 343 †¢ The Grapevine 343 â⠂¬ ¢ Electronic Communications 345 †¢ Managing Information 349 Choice of Communication Channel 350 xiv CONTENTS Persuasive Communications 351 Automatic and Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ InformationRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesfactors that make it more necessary than ever to systematically plan and develop library and information services? In thinking about the assignment, and before even reading articles and treatises on change, what are your initial reactions? Present a persuasive argument to the group as you break out into discussions on this theme. Such a dynamic environment provides new challenges and opportunities to revitalize and redefine organizations as well as reinvent information sources and services for both growth

Friday, December 13, 2019

Sunshine Chapter 25 Free Essays

I nodded, probably too vigorously, because his smile faded. â€Å"Something wrong?† Nothing that wasn’t wrong the last time you asked me that question, I thought, only it’s got wronger faster than maybe I was expecting. I shook my head, trying to be less vigorous. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunshine Chapter 25 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"No. Thanks.† He swallowed the last of his coffee, put the mug down on the ground, and came over to me. â€Å"Sure?† â€Å"Sure. Yeah.† I put my arms around him, leaned my face against his shoulder (my forehead against the oak tree that was visible beneath the torn-off sleeve of his T-shirt), and sighed. He smelled of food and daylight. I could feel his heart beating. He put his arms around me. â€Å"Probably just lingering indigestion from eleven-twelfths of a Bitter Chocolate Death yesterday,† I said. I felt the small kick of his diaphragm as he laughed – he had a sort of furry-chuckle laugh – but he knew me too well. â€Å"Try again, Sunshine,† he said. â€Å"Do blue whales OD guzzling all that sea water? Your veins run chocolate – finest dark semisweet – not blood.† Pity it looked red, then. It gave vampires ideas. I didn’t say anything. â€Å"You can tell me about it on Friday, okay?† he said. I nodded. â€Å"Okay.† If I said any more I would probably burst into tears. I drove home slowly. I thought of going by the library, but decided Aimil came into the â€Å"too difficult† category, and she might conceivably make some kind of guess what I was feeling so gloomy about and I didn’t want to take the risk. What a really awful reason not to see someone for the last time. But I was so tired. I sat in the car again at home and watched the leaves turning. It seemed to me a lot of autumn had happened in the last two days. I thought of the two days out of time I’d had after Con had diagnosed me and before he was supposed to come back and cure me. I’d known I was dying, but it kind of hadn’t mattered. It wasn’t only that I believed Con would find a way to heal me. It was that there wasn’t anything I could do. I didn’t have that luxury this time. I was going to have to go through with it, whatever it was. I’d always scorned the stories where the princesses hung around waiting to be rescued: Sleeping Beauty, spare me. Tell the stupid little wuss to wake up and sort out the wicked fairy herself. I found myself thinking that sleeping through it sounded pretty good after all. Yolande was looking out for me, and her door was open before I’d climbed out of the Wreck. I walked draggingly up to her. I didn’t even know that it was going to be tonight. I remembered those extra nights I’d waited for Con, with death lying on my breast like a lover. What a long time ago that seemed. I tried to make this a hopeful thought, but it refused to work. It was like trying to blow up a popped balloon. Hello, Death, you again. Just can’t keep away, can you? Saints and damnation. Mostly damnation. Yolande drew me into her workroom. There was a little heap of†¦sunlight on her desk. What? I blinked. It looked like†¦as if there was a chink in the blind, letting a single ray in to make a pool there: except it wasn’t a pool, it was a heap, and there was no ray of sun. I could feel my eyes fizzing back and forth like a camera’s automatic lens, trying to find the right setting and failing. The heap cast no shadows. It was a small domed hummock of pure golden light. I had stopped to stare, and Yolande went to her desk and picked it up. It seemed to flow over her hands, slowly, like rivulets of warm honey, or small friendly sleepy snakes. It was, I thought, as it separated itself over her fingers, a latticework of some variety. The filaments met and parted in some kind of pattern, and the filaments themselves seemed to carry a pattern, like scales on a snake’s back. It moved slowly, but it moved; it curled round Yolande’s wrists. My strange sense of it – them – being friendly but half asleep remained. â€Å"It will wake up when it touches you,† she said, as if reading my mind. â€Å"We had to put it together in great haste, and it’s not yet used to being – manifest.† She came toward me, stretching the light-net gently between her hands like a cat’s cradle, and – threw it over me. For a moment I was surrounded by twinkling lights; and then I felt it – them – settling gently against my skin, delicate as snow-flakes, but warm. Bemusedly I held one arm out to watch the process. You know how if you watch, if you concentrate, you can feel when snowflakes land on you, feel the chill of them, almost individually at first, till your face or hand or arm begins to numb with the cold, and then they melt against your skin and disappear. So it was with these tiny lightflakes: I saw them as they floated down, shimmering down, felt them when they touched me, lighter than feathers or gossamer, and over all of me, for clothes were insubstantial to them. But they were not merely warm, a few of them were uncomfortably hot, and left tiny pinprick red marks; and while they dissolved on contact like snowflakes, they appeared to sink through the surface of my skin, leaving nothing behind, no dampness, no stickiness, no shed scales†¦After they’d all vanished , if I turned my arm sharply back and forth I could just see the webwork of light, like veins, only golden, not blue. I itched faintly, especially where belt and bra straps rubbed. Yolande let out a long slow breath. I looked at her inquiringly. â€Å"I wasn’t sure it was going to work. I told you we had to put this together very quickly.† â€Å"What – is it?† Yolande paused. â€Å"I’m not sure how to explain it to you. It is not a ward, or only indirectly so. It is a form of comehither, but generally only sorcerers ever use anything like it. It – it gathers your strength to you. It taps into the source of your strength, more strongly than you can unaided. â€Å"Most magic handlers have a talent for one thing or another, and it is drawn from one area of this world or another. A foreseer with a principal rapport with trees may see visions in a burl of her favorite wood, for example, rather than in the traditional crystal ball. A sorcerer whose strongest relationship is with water will be much likelier to drown his or her enemy than to meet them in battle, although one with an affinity for metal would forge a sword.† â€Å"Affinity,† I said bitterly. â€Å"My affinity is for vampires.† â€Å"No,† said Yolande. â€Å"Why do you say that?† â€Å"Pat. SOF. That’s why they want me. Because I’m a m-magic handler† – I could hardly get the phrase out; handling seemed far from the correct term in my case – â€Å"with an affinity for vampires.† Yolande shook her head. â€Å"The hierarchies of magic handling are no particular study of mine. But your principal affinity is for sunlight: your element, as it were. It is usually one of the standard four: earth, air, water, fire. Sometimes it is metal, sometimes wood. I have never heard of one for sunlight before, but there are – are tests for these things. Yours is neither fire nor air, but a bit of both, and something else. While I was doing the tests and coming up nowhere, I thought of sunlight because of all the days I have seen you lying in the sun like a cat or a dog – I have only ever seen you truly relaxed like that, lying motionless in sunlight. And you told me once about the year you were ill, when you lived in a basement flat, and how you cured yourself by lying in front or the sunny windows when you moved upstairs. I thought of your nickname – how I myself had relied on your nickname to tell me the real truth about you, after the vampire visited y ou†¦ â€Å"As for your – let us call it counteraffinity: your counteraffinity may be for vampires. I have never heard of this either, but I do know it is often a magic handler with a principal affinity for water who can cross a desert most easily; a handler with a principal affinity for air who can hold her breath the longest, someone with an affinity for earth who flies most easily. It is the strength of the element in you that makes you more able to resist – and simultaneously embrace – its opposite. You are not consumed by the dark because you are full of light.† I didn’t feel full of light. I felt full of stomach acid and cold phlegm. I knew about the four elements, of course; I even knew a little about this counteraffinity thing. Magic handlers with a principal fire element never get hired by the fire service; fires tend to be harder to put out with them around. But an Air or a Water is a shoo-in for the Fire Corps because Airs never seem to suffer smoke inhalation and water seems to go farther with a Water. A lot of lives have been saved by the Airs and the Waters in the Fire Corps. I’d never thought of it as having to do with counteraffinities though. But then I had never thought a lot about magic handling. I had always been too busy being fascinated by stories of the Others. â€Å"I can see in the dark – er – now,† I said, not wanting to get into how it happened, â€Å"but it makes me kind of nuts. In the dark it’s okay. But I see in – through – the shadows in daylight too. But I see through them – strangely. I mostly can’t make sense of what I’m seeing.† Or if I can I don’t know if I’m imagining it, to make it make sense. â€Å"And most of them wiggle.† Yolande looked interested. â€Å"Perhaps you will tell me more about that some time. I may be able to help.† Some time, I thought. Yeah. â€Å"The shadows on you don’t wiggle though. They just lie there, like all shadows used to.† â€Å"Ah. That will perhaps be the purification process of wardskeeping. If you become a master, as I eventually did, you go through a series of trials that are to make you what you are as intensely as possible. You would not be able to do what a master does without this. I imagine you will see other masters of their craft as you see me.† I still hadn’t decided if the shadows that fell on Con moved around or not. Dark shadows were different from light shadows. So to speak. If they didn’t, did that make him a master vampire? What is a master vampire? SOF used the term for someone who ran a gang. I held both arms out and admired the faint twinkly gold, felt the faint prickly itch. I pulled a handful of my hair forward where I could look at it and it too was laced and daubed with gold. Maybe Yolande could sell the process to a hairdresser: bet you didn’t have to touch it up every few weeks. Pity I wouldn’t be around to demonstrate. The sun was near setting. I dropped my arms. â€Å"Thank you,† I said. â€Å"That is so feeble. But – thank you very much.† â€Å"You’re very welcome, my dear,† said Yolande. â€Å"I must go now, I think.† â€Å"Yes. But I hope you will come back and tell me about it.† I met her eyes and saw with a shock that she did know. I tried to smile. â€Å"I hope I will too.† I sat just inside the open doors of the balcony, cross-legged, hands on knees. I didn’t bother to try to align, to ask him anything, to tell him anything. He would be here soon enough. He would be here. This time what was doomed to happen wasn’t going to be put off. It would begin tonight. And, probably, end there too. The sun reddened the autumn colors on the trees. The shadows darkened and lengthened. PART FOUR Perhaps the flakes of light had settled in my eyes too when Yolande’s web had fallen around me. Sitting still and waiting, watching the sun set, I hadn’t thought much about the way the shadows fell and moved; it was always easier when I was motionless myself. But I saw him clearly, this time. I saw him, and not merely by a process of elimination, one wiggly shadow moving in a specific direction. He was a dark figure, human-shaped. Vampire-shaped. He was Con. A dark figure: dark with glints of gold, as if lightflakes fell on him, sparked like struck matches, and fell away. Did I hear him or not? I don’t know. I had a feeling like sound of him, as I had a feeling like sight. I saw him disappear around the corner of the house. He would be coming up the stairs now; I felt his presence there. He would be opening my door – hmm, did he open doors to walk through them? No, wait. Vampires couldn’t disintegrate themselves – I didn’t think. A few sorcerers could, but they were the really crazy ones. If you’ve invited a vampire across your threshold, maybe the door simply didn’t exist for him any more? Or anyway why did the front door always whoosh gently when I opened it but not when he did? And I knew when he was standing behind me. It wasn’t that I heard him breathing. But the vampire-in-the-room thing was unmistakable. I stood up and turned around. He looked different. It might have been the lightflakes but I don’t think so. I probably looked different too. If you’re going into what you know is your final battle maybe the preliminary loin-girding always is visible. My experience is limited. I don’t know that I would necessarily have identified the way Con looked as a vampire prepared for his last battle, but as a thumbnail description it would do. I was always surprised at how big he was. That’s probably something about the way vampires move – the boneless gliding, that human-spine-unhinging creepy grace. You didn’t believe it, so you made the vampire smaller in your memory to make it a little more plausible. (Uh. I don’t know about the generic you in this case. So far as I knew I was the only human, so far, who’d had the opportunity. Or the need.) It’s funny, vampires have been a fact of human existence since before history began, and yet in our heart of hearts I don’t think we really believe in them. Every time one of us meets up with one of them we don’t believe in them all over again. Of course in most cases a human meeting up with a vampire is looking at their immediate death and so not believing it is the last forlorn hope – but I’m here to say that being acquainted with one doesn’t lessen the feeling much. I didn’t believe in Con. Tricky. I believed in my own death more. I stretched my hand out and put it on his chest, where no heart beat. He was wearing another one of his long black shirts. It might have been the one I had worn a few nights ago, except that that one was hanging in the back of my closet with the cranberry-red dress. My vampire wardrobe. I let my hand drop. But he reached out and picked it up. There was a fizz, a shock, as his skin met mine. I felt him twitch – ever so slightly – but he didn’t loose my hand. He turned it over instead, and then laid it gently, as if it had no volition of its own, in the palm of his other hand. The invisible spark happened again, but he didn’t startle this time. My back was to the fading twilight, but in the shadow of my body the occasional gold glints of the web were just visible. â€Å"What is this?† he said. â€Å"Yolande gave it to me. She said it would help me draw on the source of my strength.† â€Å"Daylight,† he said. â€Å"Yes. Does it hurt you?† â€Å"No.† I thought about that no. It sounded a little like the â€Å"no† of the kid playing so-called touch football who has just had the three biggest kids in the neighborhood tag her by knocking her down and sitting on her. They asked me after they let me up if I was hurt. I said no. I was lying. â€Å"Let me rephrase that.† A small shiver in his breath. Really quite a human noise: audible breath with a catch in it, like a muted laugh. â€Å"When you are a little too hot, a little too cold, does it hurt?† Old Mr. Temperature Control, I thought. What do you know about too hot and too cold? No, I still wasn’t thinking about any of that. Delete that thought. â€Å"Or if you pick up something a little too heavy for you, does it hurt? It is only a little pressure on the understood boundaries of yourself.† I liked that: a little pressure on the understood boundaries of yourself. Sounded like something out of a self-awareness class, probably with yoga. See what kind of a pretzel you can tie yourself into and press on the understood†¦ I was raving, if only to myself. I took a deep breath. Okay. My new light-web was to Con no worse than hauling an overfull sheet of cinnamon rolls out of the oven and making a run for the countertop before I dropped them was to me. I looked into his face, dully lit by the last of the twilight, and realized, with a shock, that I had no doubt: the shadows there lay quietly too. â€Å"Ready?† he said. I smiled involuntarily. Are you joking? â€Å"Yes,† I said. â€Å"I have taken what you showed me and†¦measured it, by the ways I know. I believe that between us we shall†¦attain our goal.† Our goal, I thought. I didn’t translate this into practical terms. â€Å"We do not travel in your nowheresville, but I fear the way we are going is nonetheless†¦unpleasant. I will need your assistance. It will not be easy both to travel that way and to guard our presence from too-early detection.† I closed my eyes – hurling myself into this, to stop myself from thinking about it – took a firmer grip on his hand, and began to search for the alignment. This was very different from the fuzzy non-telephone line I had used to talk to Con; for that I could just go to the edge of whatever it was that was out there, and grope. This was more like walking through a snake pit with a forked stick, hoping you could sneak up behind the snake you wanted and nail it with the stick before it nailed you. Meanwhile hoping that none of the other snakes saw you first. I glanced apologetically at the ever-so-slightly-like-the-back-of-a-snake pattern glinting faint gold against – in – my skin. I said one of my gran’s words: it was only a little word, a little word of thanks and of settling, settling down, settling in, but I thought the light-web might like it. Then I closed my eyes again. There. This may have been the light-web too, or it may have been that I’d now done my compass needle maneuver several times and was getting the hang of it, or it may have been Con. Some of it was Con; I could feel the faint scritchy buzz of connection through our palms. There seemed to be a variety of paths laid out before us: there was the totally evisceratingly worst, the slightly less worst but worst enough, the still really bad, the only basic deadly dire, and probably a few others. I was looking at the Catherine-wheel glitter of the way that had blown out SOF HQ and at the looming thing that was our destination as Con arranged us on the boundary of one of the other, the quite-awful-enough-thanks ways. The looming thing and its guardians didn’t look so much like an aquarium this time – or if it did, those fish were sick – more like the special effects in one of those postholocaust movies. Any moment now the ghastly mutants would come lurching on screen and wa ve their deviant limbs at us. I wished it was a movie. â€Å"Come,† said Con, and we stepped forward together. By the time we’d walked off the edge of the balcony we were firmly – if that’s quite the word I want – into Other-space. Vampires probably can bound lightly down from third stories, but I didn’t want to try it. As it was I was immediately having a precarious time keeping my feet; there didn’t seem to be any up or down – although this is a good thing when you’ve just walked off a balcony – or sideways or backward or forward for that matter, other than the fact that we had backs and fronts and our faces were on one side of us rather than another. This path, whatever it was, was a lot worse than Con’s short way home the other night. At least I had feet, which was an improvement on nowheresville. Hey, not only did I have feet, I got to keep my clothes on. I could still see the looming thing that was what we were aiming for, and since I didn’t know anything about the protective detail I assumed that my function was to keep watching it. Con propelled us. Presumably forward. He seemed to know up from down and sideways from sideways. I felt things whiz past me occasionally, and while I couldn’t’ve told you what they were, I could guess they weren’t friendly. Every time I set my foot down it seemed to resolve the place I was in a little more, as if my invading three-dimensionality was making my surroundings coagulate, and little by little there seemed to be another sort of stepping-stone system after all, although rather than the ordinary world sluicing by between the stones it seemed to boil up, and become part of the no-up-no-down-no-anything-else. I felt as if I would like to be sick, but fortunately my stomach couldn’t figure out which was up either, so it stayed where it was. After some kind of time there began to be half-recognizable ordinary things in the careening entropy: a street lamp. A corner of a dilapidated building with a revolving door, one of whose panes was broken. A stop sign. A road sign: Garrison Street. We were in No Town. As we went on (â€Å"on† still used advisedly), we flickered more clearly into No Town. Sometimes we took a step or two on broken pavement as if we were actually there. Maybe we were. There were now other people sporadically present also. I didn’t like the look of any of them. We passed several nightclubs with people wandering in and out. There were bouncers at the doors of some of them, but that mostly wasn’t the style in No Town. If you could walk, you could walk where you wanted to. Even the seriously flash spartan clubs, the places where people who lived in downtown high-rises went when they wanted to feel like they were slumming but were still willing to pay thirty blinks for a short glass of wine to prove they were slumming only because they wanted to, had more subtle ways of getting rid of you. Meanwhile, outdoors, if you fell down, you lay there, and people still ambulatory stepped over you: horizontal bodies were part of the ambience. Maybe you got rolled, while you were lying there being ambient. Maybe you got taken home for dinner. To be dinner. It wasn’t a good place to linger in for anyone – anyone alive, that is – but there was another myth, that if you were high enough, the suckers would leave you alone, because your blood would screw them up. I don’t think this is something I’d want to rely on myself. There are ne’er-do-wells among the Others like there are among us humans, and my guess is there are suckers who have developed a taste for screwed-up blood. Also, if you’re hungry enough, you’ll eat anything, right? And a still-breathing body facedown in a gutter is real easy to, you know, catch. I was having trouble staying upright as we winked back and forth between worlds. If when visible I was staggering a little, I would fit right in. I was a little afraid I might see someone I knew. Gods and angels, never underestimate the power of social conditioning; even under the circumstances, when I was fully expecting never having to face or explain anything to anyone again after the next few minutes or hours or time-fragments splintered by chaos-space, I was worried about this, that I might see Kenny, or his friends, or some of the younger, dumber regulars at Charlie’s; or even what remained of a few of the guys my age I knew who hadn’t got back out of drugs again. What was I afraid of? That they might see me too – holding hands with a vampire? That I would look as if I was merely under the dark and going to the usual fate of a human seen in the company of a vampire? I was supposed to care? I didn’t know what any humans might be making of us. But I began to see vampires looking back at us. I didn’t have any trouble recognizing them. I didn’t know if this was because they weren’t bothering to try to pass, or if I just knew a vampire when I saw one these days. I didn’t notice when the first one did more than look, when the first one came at us. I didn’t notice till Con had†¦never mind. He did it with his other hand, and with the hand that held mine, jerked us back into chaos-space. He wiped the splatter of blood off his face with his forearm, except there was blood on his arm too. I was afraid I’d see him lick his lips. I didn’t. Maybe I didn’t watch long enough. Maybe, you know, used blood isn’t of much interest. My hand trembled in his: in the hand of my lethal vampire companion. I was alive, human, with a beating heart. I was all alone. The next time there were several of them. This time Con jerked us out of chaos-space, because he then had to let go of my hand. I was glad I didn’t have to find out what would happen if I got left there alone without him. I wasn’t glad for very long. I didn’t know what I was supposed to do: note to myself, in my next life, get some martial arts training – get a lot of martial arts training – just in case. Again, as with the first vampire who attacked us, something happened – quicker than I could follow – quicker than I wanted to follow, and I yanked my gaze away, afraid of what my dark vision might make out for me. There was blood, again, but there was also at least one vampire left over while Con was otherwise engaged, and he was looking at me. I looked at him, not thinking about anything but my own terror, my eyes wide open, open so wide that they hurt. He met that gaze – hey, he knew a human when he saw one, and he knew he was a vampire – and I saw him falter, and then Con had turned from whatever he was doing and†¦took care of that one too, too fast for me to look away. I think I probably cried out. Jesse wasn’t going to rescue me, this time. I wasn’t going t o come to myself with human arms around me and a human voice shouting in my ear, It’s all over. You’re all right. How to cite Sunshine Chapter 25, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Chapter Questions free essay sample

The approach suggesting that psychological disorders are illnesses that have underlying biological causes is called the:medical model is a condition marked by dramatic mood swings. Bipolar disorder The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders uses a checklist of observable signs and symptoms, but this tends to limit clinicians: understanding of their patients. Some theories propose that such as learning or childhood experiences might lay the foundation for psychological disorders. VIC : like poverty and community support systems, can play a role in the development and course of psychological disorders. Social factors The degree to which a behavior interferes with daily life and relationships refers to its: dysfunction. Classification system for mental disorders measures what it intends to A measure. Valid Ursula feels compel to hurt herself. Ursula self harm can be best described as a maladaptive behavior. With the people often predict the probability of something happening in the future based on how easily we can recall a similar type Of event from the past. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Availability heuristic Most mental health professionals in North America use the evidenced-based classification system of mental disorders. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders chapter 8 which is an rapidly sprout new connections among each other, a dramatic phase of synaptic growth that is influenced by the infants experiences and stimulation from the environment. Neurons One significant milestone of the seniority stage is or an infants realization that objects and people still exist when they are out of sight or touch. Object permanence According to Erikson, the psychosocial stage from the twenties to forties is called which is time when most adults are creating meaningful, deep relationships. Intimacy vs. isolation. The flex occurs when a newborn infants cheek is stroked, as she turns her head in the direction of the touch. Rooting Children in the stage can be less egocentric and can understand the concept of conservation; however their logical thinking is limited to concrete concepts. Encounter operational proposed that cognitive development occurs in four periods or stages, and these stages have distinct beginnings and endings. Pigged chapter 14 implies that disorders have biological causes. Medical model The treatment approach in which a client works with a mental health professional to reduce psychological symptoms and improve quality of life is allied: psychotherapy can have an impact on the course Of some psychological disorders. Terrors Studying is difficult because its methodology has not been personalized and its use varies from one therapist to the next. Humanistic therapy Approximately how many Inmates in American jails and prisons in 2007 had at least one psychological disorder? 2. Mm evaluates the success of therapies. Outcome research Your therapist tells you that her role in your therapy is to help you achieve personal growth. Your therapist is a: positive psychologist Dry. Astrid is a psychoanalyst. She tells her clients that her main goal is to:Uncover unconscious conflicts. The type of psychotherapy aimed at increasing awareness of the self and the environment is called: insight therapy Sean has a psychological disorder that increases his risk to himself and others. Sean most likely experiences: psychotic episodes. Chapter 15 to persuasion, people pay attention to factors outside the message content, such as the credibility or appearance of the individual who relays the message. Peripheral route People from cultures are less likely to conform than those from collectivist cultures. Individualist Participants in Amalgams obedience study sat at a table that held a control anal for the supposed generation of: shocks Social loafing is more likely to occur in societies where people place a high premium on:individuality and autonomy. The most famous illustration of the bystander effect was the attack on 1964. Kitty geneses studies were willing to administer what they believed to Participants in be painful and life-threatening electric shocks to other human beings. Algiers The diminished sense of personal responsibility, inhibition, or adherence to in social norms that occurs when group members are not treated as individuals is referred to as: identification. Which statement BEST characterizes social exchange theory? We help others when the benefits of our good deeds outweigh the cost. Group popularization is the tendency for a group to take a after deliberations and discussion. More extreme position In a classic study on expectations, administered a nonverbal intell igence test to students in a San Francisco elementary school. The students whom the teachers were told would show surprising gains achieved greater increases on their test scores. Rosenthal and Jacobson and its associated Stresses can have a lasting impact on the development of the brain and subsequent cognitive abilities. Poverty The method for gaining compliance that involves making a small request first, followed by a larger request is called the: foot in door technique Chapter 12 Gender intense physiological demands, the body cannot address any new threats, and some people start to show signs of such as hypertension and arthritis. Sissies of adaptation does not require participants to retrieve information from the distant past, thus reducing opportunities for error in memory. Prospective study Chapter 11 Some aspects of adult personality appear to derive from which refers to distinct patterns of emotional reactions and behaviors observed early in life. Temperament The collection of rules that guide the ego as it negotiates between the id an d the environment is called the: reality principle If a parent is too harsh or lenient about toilet training, the child may grow up with a(n) personality, being rule-bound or stingy. Anal retentive Karen Horned believed that people respond to feelings of helplessness and isolation, created by inadequate parenting, which she referred to as: basic anxiety have profound interpersonal relations, maintaining deep and lasting friends pips. Self- actualities A distinct pattern of emotional reactions and behaviors observed early in life is called a(n): temperament According to Freud, awareness is equivalent to: conjunctions is impulsive and illogical. D According to Freud, one resolves the Oedipus or Electra complex during the: genital stage According to Adler, not everyone is successful in overcoming feelings of helplessness and dependence, but instead develop what is known as a(n): inferiority complex Your professor is talking about how Freudian theory intersects with cognitive theory. He uses the example of the which forms a bridge between memory and conscious awareness. Episodic buffer You are drawing a diagram of Frauds structures. Which structure would appear at the top? The superego re primal images, patterns of thoughts, and storyline stored in the collective unconscious. Archetypes You are writing a paper titled Frauds theory of the emergence of unconscious thoughts in conscious thinking. You are arguing that u nconscious thoughts can appear in consciousness via: process among awareness perspective emphasizes relationships, environmental influences, individual behavior, and mental processes that come together to form personality. Social-cognitive you think about going out instead of studying but then you consider what it would be like to get a poor grade. According to Freud, the helped you come to this conclusion.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Australian visions Essays

Australian visions Essays Australian visions Essay Australian visions Essay Different Australian visions are frequently portrayed in assorted texts and gesture images. Australian movie Strictly Ballroom 1992 is a great illustration as the manager uses really extraordinary and theatrical manner of filmmaking to show a humourous narrative that reflects assorted ideals in Australian society with filming and movie techniques. The film non merely showcases the character of the underdog particularly through the character of Fran. but besides illustrates the construct of multiculturalism and the thought of accomplishing dreams on the land of Australia. which are all constructs that relates to different facet of Australian visions. On the other manus the verse form My country’ written by Dorothea McKellar. expresses other ideals of Australia that are more straight related with the land. Through the usage of poetic techniques such as metaphor the poet was able to picture both the natural danger and beauty of the state that are besides valued as of import porti on of Australian visions. One of the chief focal points of the film Strictly Ballroom is the feature of the underdog. a term that is closely associated with Australian values. The belief of giving everyone a just spell is to the full expressed through the narrative discharge of Fran. whom like the ugly duckling was transformed into something beautiful by the terminal of the film. This construct is expressed through the Baz Luhrmann’s portray of this character. The apposition between her first visual aspect and her public presentation at the terminal to the full showcases Fran’s function as the underdog. This is reinforced with her ruddy frock and the lighting used during the stoping of the film. Differs to other contestants’ apparels that looked superficial and extraordinary. the reliable coloring material of ruddy used for Fran made her stood out as a glamourous. confident and beautiful adult female. which is wholly different to her apparently unattractive first visual aspect from the start of the movie. This is further on supported by the lighting of the film. which non merely focuses on her and Scott’s dance. but besides stresses the affect of the ruddy costume. doing the frock about a dramatic symbol of her successful transmutation and accomplishment within this movie. On the other manus. the impact of her visual aspect besides to the full represents Australian’s idealization of the underdog. Another subject of Strictly Ballroom is the thought of multiculturalism as this film depicts the transformed modern society that accepts and embraces cultural differences. This is expressed through the usage of music in the movie. For most portion of the film the music used is traditional dance hall tonss or Australian authoritative vocals such as time after time’ . which makes the simple instrumental Spanish music played in Fran’s house stood out. This non merely illustrates the differences between Fran and Scott’s background but besides puts the audience i nto the character’s places to see another type of dancing and civilization that exists on the land of Australia. This construct is once more strengthened at the last scene of the film when all the audiences joined with Scott’s parents and danced together. The long shooting that presents the incorporate crowd combines with mid shootings that focus on specific people like Fran’s male parent who has different background reinforce the positive intension of multiculturalism. This besides presents Strictly Ballroom as a film that mirrored the value of modern-day Australian society. which is all about credence and embracing. The pursue for dream is a construct that is extremely valued in Australia and the film Strictly Ballroom relate this thought with the impression of get the better ofing fright and the challenge of authorization. The focal point on lines such as A life lived in fright is a life half lived shows the importance of this in relation to the character’s will of accomplishing their ends. However their desire is frequently dishearten by the dancing federation. The uninterrupted usage of low angle shootings and the deficiency of music playing when characters such as Barry Fife talked set up their province of power. which the chief characters have to suppress. This besides made the scene from terminal of the film extremely symbolic. With the success of Scott and Fran’s public presentation. there was a high angle shooting picturing a falling Fife who tumbled with the trophies on the tabular array that contrasted with the old usage of low angel shootings. This scene non merely served as a amusing alleviation for its audience but besides represents the ruin of the authorization. emphasizing the significance of this confrontation in footings of the Scott and Fran’s accomplish of their dream. In context of this movie. these thoughts reflect the possibility of making one’s end in Australia. Just like the character of the underdog this besides relate to the stereotyped impression that this land epitomize a sense of hope and cha nce. My state written by Dorothea Mackellar is a verse form that illustrates both the natural beauty and danger of Australia. picturing really different visions of the same state in comparing to Strictly Ballroom. The poet’s repeated use of assorted rocks to depict the nature scenery of this state non merely stresses the genuineness of those characteristics. but besides made the rocks a metaphor for the land’s perfection. This is seen through lines such as An opal-hearted country’ and Sapphire-misted mountain’ . which continuously reinforce the echt impression of beauty in Australia. On the other manus Mackellar besides uses personification to depict the danger of this land. Lines such as Her beauty and her terror’ and her pitiless blue sky’ strengthen the image of the threating nature environment. giving the readers a existent sense of fright and worship for the poet’s state. Even though this text shared limited similarity with Baz Luhrman n’s Strictly Ballroom. it still manages to show visions and word pictures of Australia that is extremely valued in this state.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Enrico Fermi Essays - Nobel Laureates In Physics, Guggenheim Fellows

Enrico Fermi Essays - Nobel Laureates In Physics, Guggenheim Fellows Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi was an Italian-American physicist and Nobel laureate, known for achieving the first controlled nuclear reaction (Encarta 98). Enrico was born on Sep. 29, 1901 in Rome, Italy. Formally educated at the University of Pisa, Enrico was also a student of many leading theoretical physics centers. He soon became a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Rome. There he developed many new ways of explaining the behavior of electrons (Encarta 98). Some examples would be the development of the theory; beta decay. The one theory attributed towards him that was renowned in the world of physics and put him on the map as one might say was; the investigation of the production of artificial radioactivity by bombarding elements with neutrons(Encarta 98). For this he was later awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in physics. Due to the fact that his wife was Jewish he decided not to return to fascist Italy, in fact they immigrated to the US. While in the US he first started out as a professor at Columbia University. He then mover his teaching career to the University of Chicago where he was able to create the first controlled nuclear fission chain reaction which took place in Dec. 1942 (Encarta 98). For the remainder of the war he worked at Los Alamos, New Mexico on the A-bomb. He was then later openly opposed to the hydrogen bomb and debated it on ethical grounds (Encarta 98). He remained at the University of Chicago attracting students from all over the world to study under him. Although his contributions to the realm of physics are immeasurable they where also the cause of his death. Enrico Fermi had an untimely death due to Cancer on Nov. 28, 1954 in Chicago (Encarta 98). He also had an award that honors his memory which is given to an individual who is considered to have the greatest contribution to the development or use of atomic energy.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Research Paper on Victoian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Paper on Victoian - Essay Example The most conspicuous champion of new morality which became lively during the Victorian age was Tennyson (Glenn Everett "Tennyson and Victorianism" victorianweb.org). He started writing poems from very early age onwards. He got Chancellor's medal at Cambridge for his 'Timbuctoo'. 'The Lady of Shalott', 'Oenone', 'The Lotos-Eaters', etc. were the poems he wrote initially. In 1842 he completed the notable poems like 'Mort d' Arthur', 'Ulysses' and 'Locksley Hall'. These were followed by longer poems. 'The Princess' is a seriocomic poem that deals with the theme of the new woman wanting to shun male society and ending with a happy marriage. In 1850 appeared the important poem 'In Memoriam' which is a series of short poems on Tennyson's meditations on the death of his close friend. It contains many reflections on life and death which show the influence of the new theories of the day. It is considered to be one among the better works of Tennyson. Robert Browning (1812-1889) is a philosophical poet (Glenn Everett "Robert Browning-Biography" victorianweb.org). He contributed 'dramatic monologue' - a new form of poet, to English literature. These are poems written as an individual's words to others. The listeners don't speak but their mood and reactions are being explained by the speaker of the monologue. Thus it gets a dramatic form. Browning's monologues are of two types. In the first group he tells 'a soul's history in the episode of an hour'. In the second group he turns from the probing into the depths of human nature to assert in ringing terms the doctrines of the nobler life. The first group is far ahead in dramatization. Second are more direct expressions of his robust philosophy of life. Browning has written quite a few love poems. The best among them is 'One word more' which is addressed to his wife. Matthew Arnold's poems may be divided into two groups: narrative and lyrical. He wrote narrative poems taking Greek and Roman epic poems as models. His poetry is not sufficiently spontaneous. His is the poetry of reflection and there is the predominance of the intellectual element in it. There are several descriptions of flowers in his poems. Arthur Hugh Clough is remembered mainly for the poem 'Say not the struggle naught availeth'. Pre-Raphaelitism was an artistic movement of resisting the existing conventions in art and literature through a going back to the art forms in European art before the time of Raphael. D.G.Rossetti is one of the leaders of Pre-Raphaelitism in literature. His most important poem is 'The Blessed Damozel'. Christina Georgina Rossetti, D.G.Rossetti's younger sister also was a poet. Her works include 'Goblin market and other poems' and 'Verses and new poems'. William Morris who wrote so many poems kept enough resemblance to the poems of Rossetti. Thomas Babington Macaulay, Edwin Arnol, Francis Thompson, Emily Bronte, Charlotte Bronte, R.L.Stevenson, Oscar Wilde, etc. are the other famous names of the time in poetry ("Victorian poetry" victorian.fortunecity.com). Drama Tennyson, Browning and Matthew Arnold were the important poet dramatists of Victorian era. There were a few writers of plays in prose ("THE VICTORIAN ERA - Nonfiction, Poetry, The Victorian Novel, 19th-Century Drama" referatele.com). Thomas William Robertson penned enough number of plays which introduced a new more natural type of comedy to English stage. 'Castle' is

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Future trends in the internatonal criminal justcie Essay

Future trends in the internatonal criminal justcie - Essay Example Predictions for the future of the domestic and the international criminal justice for the 21st century had started as the new millennium approached. The other aspects of criminal justice whose past, current, and future trends should be assessed are the roles of individuals and that of the public, privatization of the criminal justice system, service-oriented ideas, and professionalism. This paper explores the future of international criminal justice, mentioning the past and the current trends that could influence the future of the profession. The Future of Criminal Justice What the criminal justice system will look like in the future can be estimated by certain criminal acts and trends, including terrorism, multicultural populations, large scale immigration, age and composition demographics, technological and scientific advances, and globalization among other factors. Nonetheless, there are certain forces or factors that will have greater effect than others and current and future cri minal justice system practitioners have no choice but to be conversant and compliant with these changes. One of these factors is the co-evolution of crime. Crime, like disease-causing microorganisms, will change with time in a manner corresponding to the more effective defense mechanisms put in place by its likely victims (Garland, 2002). For instance, while people may insert wheel locks and alarms to prevent auto theft, car thieves will apply devices that would neutralize such security measures. Notwithstanding the co-evolution of different types of crimes, the future will still see crime fighting being categorized into crime opportunity reduction, de-motivation of would-be criminals, and the changing of society’s and individuals’ basic values.... ng being categorized into crime opportunity reduction, de-motivation of would-be criminals, and the changing of society’s and individuals’ basic values. The purpose of the category of crime fighting that will change peoples’ value will be to target the nurturing of the youth so that they pick positive values, hence minimize their chances of becoming criminals and indulging in other disorderly behaviors (Sunga, 1997). All these categories of crime fighting will however be implemented according to the changing demographics, which are expected to be more flexible in the future. For instance, it has been postulated that the population of the most crime-prone group, males of age 15 to 29, will decline to a small extent while the population portion of 30-65 years old is expected to increases substantially. These foreseen demographic changes have the implication that more people will either be criminals or victims in the future. For example, the postulated increase in t hose aged above 60 years old implies that there could be more victims of crime in the future (Wolfgang, 1990). On the other hand, the increased percentage of this elderly portion in a given population could imply that these elders will use their discretionary time to guide the young on positive values or to report crimes, thus helping in the fight against crime (Wolfgang, 1990). Public Rights versus Individual Rights One of the future aspects of the international criminal justice system that is likely to be influenced by past and current trends is the individual versus public rights issue, often encountered in the system. In the future, the international criminal justice system will be expected to ensure that a steady and delicate balance is maintained between the interests of individuals and those of the

Monday, November 18, 2019

Management change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management change - Essay Example be said that the global market place is largely responsible for the promotion and faster diffusion of various kinds of global trends to various corners of the world. As a result of diffusion of global trends to various markets around the world, demands of various nature are continuously rising from the markets and consumers located in the developing and developed economies. This essentially promotes a significant amount of business opportunity for various organizations around the world. Because of the rise of digitized communication trends, the barriers to accessing information of various markets around the world have become almost nonexistent and redundant. The ease of access of information by organizations around the world, are essentially encouraging them and providing them with the potential to move forward and enter into new markets. This is in return resulting in the process of increase of competition in the global marketplace. Companies and organizations around the world are increasingly feeling the pinch of this increase in competition in the marketplace. In order to stay competitive in the marketplace, the organizations are trying their best to inculcate various amounts of change in their daily business processes, thereby generate, and increase the efficiency of the business in the marketplace. This has resulted in the rise of importance for change management among the organizations. Change management has become very crucial in various organizations around the world that are increasingly looking forward to inculcate a change in its method of doing business. It has to be said that change management is very essential as it plays a crucial role for the purpose of attaining sustainable growth in the business while changing as per market conditions and requirements. While viewing change management from the theoretic and academic point of view, it is important to mention the fact that the change management denotes a broad arena of activities that is related

Friday, November 15, 2019

Working Memory Capacity in Generalized Social Phobia

Working Memory Capacity in Generalized Social Phobia Nader Amir and Jessica Bomyea INTRODUCTION According to DSM-5TM (2013), Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) is a †Marked fear of one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.† Also they fear they will be judged negatively which might result being humiliated or face rejection to one (Comer, 2010). According to the report on working memory capacity the availability of cognitive resources depend on social cues and these cognitive abilities have a significant impact on people with social phobia. However, very few studies have been conducted so far regarding working memory and social phobia (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). It has been found in many studies that people suffering from social anxiety disorder has maladaptive cognitive assumptions which presumably results of worsening the symptoms associated with this disorder. This cognitive process can be without conscious effort and the availability of the cognitive resources can prevent the illogical thought processes which might arise if the mental resources are low. These executive control processes is referred as processes that are related to cognitive functions (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). It has been also found that people with social anxiety disorder has problems with attention thus it can hurt the performance of cognitive tasks. This has been proven in verbal reasoning, spatial reasoning and many other studies which were done on the purpose of proving that anxiety has an impact on the central processes. This is due to the fact that the anxious person has to focus on many other tasks rather than the main purpose and waste its mental resources without b eing effectively used. For instance, as the client has social phobia will evaluate oneself negatively on something that was stored on autobiographic memory. This wasting of cognitive resources in perceiving oneself in negative situations like this can affect the performance of working memory of an anxious person compared to a non-anxious person thus doing poor on tasks that requires cognition. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). This research was done in order to assess the impact on working memory capacity performance with neutral and social threat stimuli, among clients who have been clinically labeled with generalized social phobia. This was the first study done to compare WMC with neutral and threat stimuli on anxious individuals and these individuals use bottom-up information processing which enables them to be caught up in threat related stimuli. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Therefore, they proposed the hypothesis as; Ho: individuals with generalized social phobia show a greater WMC performance when exposed to a threat related stimuli than a neutral stimuli. H1: individuals who are non-anxious shows a greater WMC performance when exposed to a neutral stimuli than a threat related stimuli Method Participants There were 36 individuals in experimental group and 35 in the control group. In the experimental group patients are chosen with regard to the criteria mentioned in Diagnostic Statistical Manual ( DSM-IV) which includes taking a Structured Clinical Interview(SCID) as well as getting a score above 60 on Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Those who met the criterion were also in an ongoing treatment by the Center for Understanding and Treating Anxiety at San Diego state university. Among the 36 interviews which was videotaped, 20% percent was randomly rated by an independent clinician and got an interrater score of k=0.89 which increases the reliability of the selection procedure. As for the control group with non- anxious 35 individuals selected from the community had to undergo SCID screening aided by a clinic staff to check whether they met any past or present criteria’s of the disorder. Moreover they had to have a score that didn’t exceed beyond 29 on self-report version of LSIS. In this experiment all participants $20 for their collaboration. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Materials and Procedure This experiment was conducted empirically and the data was collected for a quantitative study although it was done by means of electronic media. This assessment was done by a computer based OSPAN (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). In which Operations Span paradigm (OSPAN) the members are supposed to recall words in a succession at the same time performing simple math problems. While keeping each participant in about a distance of 30cm from the computer screen, a fixation (+) at the center was shown for 500ms and then shows a blank screen for 500ms and finally shows a solved mathematics problem preceded by a word for 800ms.the math equation can be for example 2+3=4, which are researched to be used in WMC tasks. Once the decision is made the participant presses the right key on the mouse and then continues this same procedure for 2-6 times. Once this is done for2- 6 times the participants has to recall the order of the words which are shown on a screen and which were shown during the process. Words like â€Å"chair† which is neutral and â€Å"stupid† which is socially threatening were shows to study the effect of neutral and threat words on WMC span. Along with the words extra words are used as distractions on the screen during the 20 trials each participant finished. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Before the start of the experiment each participant was allowed to sign a consent form and do a LSAS( by the anxious) and LSAS-SR(by the non-anxious) tests with similar psychometric value. The participants were given a trial round before the real experiment and advised to remember the words and do as fast as possible while doing the math problems at the same time. The words used during the practice rounds were not included in the experimental sessions as part of accuracy. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Results Self-Report Measures At the end of the 20 sessions the group with generalized social phobia was reduced to 32 participants with the elimination of 3 participants due to lack of math accuracy below 85% and one participant having a math solving capacity three times higher than the mean standard deviation. Also the non-anxious group was reduced to 30 after elimination of 5 due to low math scores. However, the groups didn’t differ that much in age and education. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Math Reaction Times In this study participants were removed due to low math performance or too high performance which is consistent with other studies done earlier. The reaction times was calculated as a median value which shows that bot the generalized anxiety group and non-anxious group had close results when solving problems with social threat, t(60)=1.10,p=.28 or neutral words, t=(60)=1.60,p=.11. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Working Memory Span Scores WMC scores were calculated by the partial-credit load scoring where each participant gets one point for a word in its correct order in the list. The figure 1 below shows the comparison of means and standard error bars in both groups. The results obtained are consistent with the results from prior research. The results were also put into mixed design analysis of ANOVA with anxious, non-anxious, social threat and neutral as 2Ãâ€"2 designs. This test showed the interaction among the Group and Word type was significant. To add more value t tests was done which showed the worst WMC in GSP and NAC when neutral words are compared. Comparing non-anxious with two word types it doesn’t show much difference unlike the generalized social phobia group who recalled threat words by, t(31) = 2.30, p=.028. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Figure 1. Working memory capacity scores for generalized social phobia(GSP) and non-anxious control(NAC) groups. Discussion Results prove that non-anxious group did great when remembering neutral information. Also the generalized social phobia group was better at remembering threat related than neutral stimuli. This support the idea that anxious people are worse at recalling neutral information and thus support that their inability to maintain attention on one task leads to wasting of cognitive resources thus, doing bad at tasks. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Limitations This study itself has its own limitations including the idea the participants in GSP were more depressed than anxious, this hinders the understanding of anxiety on the results. This may be why they GSP group did much better on recalling social threats. Furthermore, they are unable to compare people with different levels of anxiety with the type of stimulus. The study also was not able to represent an entire population of people suffering generalized social phobia as the sample size is not representative plus the elimination of members from each group reduced its population size. . (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Suggestion for future research In future they could compare patients suffering from various stages of generalized social phobia to explain the extent of anxious nature can impact on the working memory performance (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Also they could select a sample that represents the population and has equal number of participants in both groups to improve accuracy. Moreover, in this study 72% of GSP and 50% NAC group represent female population which makes it unable to compare among the genders. So if the experiments can be conducted on genders we could understand how this anxious nature can have an impact on women and men that are equivalent in severity of the disorder to understand how powerful cognitive resources in both genders. This can also enable to assess the amount of damage that generalized social phobia can act on the cognitive resources in both genders WMC when a stimulus is a neutral one. This may in turn help to give proper attention to the people suffering from generalized social phobia and may recover easier with proper care for the individuals. Moreover, they could conduct experiment again with the DSM-5 criteria since it’s a recent version compared to DSM-IV text revised edition. References Amir, N., Bomyea, J. (2011). Working memory capacity in generalized social phobia.Journal Of Abnormal Psychology,120(2), 504-509. doi:10.1037/a0022849 APA (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition; DSM-5). Comer, R. J. (2010). Abnormal Psychology (7th Edition). New York: Worth Publishers.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Desegregation, Busing, and Schools Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive T

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of desegregation has been a very controversial issue since it was first legally introduced by the Supreme Court in 1954 with Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS. Favoring or not favoring desegregation has not been the issue; almost everyone says they are for it on the surface. The controversy arises when it comes to how to implement desegregation. Immediately following the Brown decision, which advocated school assignment regardless of race, many school districts adopted a geographic school assignment policy. This plan, especially in the 1950's, did very little to do away with segregated schools even though it was a race-neutral policy for integration. From that rocky beginning to desegregation, to the current battles over how best to implement desegregation through mandatory (or voluntary) busing of minorities and whites, this issue has been in the forefront of discussions about race and education. This paper will attempt to give a brief hist ory of desegregation in the United States, followed by a discussion of the current events which surround this issue (with balance given to the viewpoints of both sides), and then offer advice on solutions which most benefit everyone involved.       Brown v. Board of the Education in 1954 was a landmark decision in the education arena. The decision maintained that schools that separated students by the color of their skin could no longer be maintained. The court saw this as necessary, since in their mind schools for black students would always be inferior. This inferiority would not be caused by lack of resources, although that usually was a contributing factor to the poor quality of the school, physically and performance-wise. As the Supreme Court saw it, s... ...yllis A. and Dalmas A. Taylor, eds. Eliminating Racism. New York: Plenum Press, 1988. Bankston III, Carl and Stephen J. Caldas. "Majority African American schools and social injustice: the influence of de facto segregation on academic achievement." Social Forces, Dec. 1996, v75 n2 pp535-556. Bobo, Lawrence. "Whites' Opposition to Busing: Symbolic Racism or Realistic Group Conflict?" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983, v45 n6 pp. 1196-1210. Hacker, Andrew. Two Nations. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992. Katz, Phyllis A. and Dalmas A. Taylor, eds. Eliminating Racism. New York: Plenum Press, 1988. Massey, Douglas A. and Nancy A. Denton. American Apartheid. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. Rivkin, Steven G. "Residential Segregation and School Integration." Sociology of Education, Oct. 1994, v67 pp. 279-292.    Desegregation, Busing, and Schools Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive T   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of desegregation has been a very controversial issue since it was first legally introduced by the Supreme Court in 1954 with Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS. Favoring or not favoring desegregation has not been the issue; almost everyone says they are for it on the surface. The controversy arises when it comes to how to implement desegregation. Immediately following the Brown decision, which advocated school assignment regardless of race, many school districts adopted a geographic school assignment policy. This plan, especially in the 1950's, did very little to do away with segregated schools even though it was a race-neutral policy for integration. From that rocky beginning to desegregation, to the current battles over how best to implement desegregation through mandatory (or voluntary) busing of minorities and whites, this issue has been in the forefront of discussions about race and education. This paper will attempt to give a brief hist ory of desegregation in the United States, followed by a discussion of the current events which surround this issue (with balance given to the viewpoints of both sides), and then offer advice on solutions which most benefit everyone involved.       Brown v. Board of the Education in 1954 was a landmark decision in the education arena. The decision maintained that schools that separated students by the color of their skin could no longer be maintained. The court saw this as necessary, since in their mind schools for black students would always be inferior. This inferiority would not be caused by lack of resources, although that usually was a contributing factor to the poor quality of the school, physically and performance-wise. As the Supreme Court saw it, s... ...yllis A. and Dalmas A. Taylor, eds. Eliminating Racism. New York: Plenum Press, 1988. Bankston III, Carl and Stephen J. Caldas. 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