Thursday, November 28, 2019

Australian visions Essays

Australian visions Essays Australian visions Essay Australian visions Essay Different Australian visions are frequently portrayed in assorted texts and gesture images. Australian movie Strictly Ballroom 1992 is a great illustration as the manager uses really extraordinary and theatrical manner of filmmaking to show a humourous narrative that reflects assorted ideals in Australian society with filming and movie techniques. The film non merely showcases the character of the underdog particularly through the character of Fran. but besides illustrates the construct of multiculturalism and the thought of accomplishing dreams on the land of Australia. which are all constructs that relates to different facet of Australian visions. On the other manus the verse form My country’ written by Dorothea McKellar. expresses other ideals of Australia that are more straight related with the land. Through the usage of poetic techniques such as metaphor the poet was able to picture both the natural danger and beauty of the state that are besides valued as of import porti on of Australian visions. One of the chief focal points of the film Strictly Ballroom is the feature of the underdog. a term that is closely associated with Australian values. The belief of giving everyone a just spell is to the full expressed through the narrative discharge of Fran. whom like the ugly duckling was transformed into something beautiful by the terminal of the film. This construct is expressed through the Baz Luhrmann’s portray of this character. The apposition between her first visual aspect and her public presentation at the terminal to the full showcases Fran’s function as the underdog. This is reinforced with her ruddy frock and the lighting used during the stoping of the film. Differs to other contestants’ apparels that looked superficial and extraordinary. the reliable coloring material of ruddy used for Fran made her stood out as a glamourous. confident and beautiful adult female. which is wholly different to her apparently unattractive first visual aspect from the start of the movie. This is further on supported by the lighting of the film. which non merely focuses on her and Scott’s dance. but besides stresses the affect of the ruddy costume. doing the frock about a dramatic symbol of her successful transmutation and accomplishment within this movie. On the other manus. the impact of her visual aspect besides to the full represents Australian’s idealization of the underdog. Another subject of Strictly Ballroom is the thought of multiculturalism as this film depicts the transformed modern society that accepts and embraces cultural differences. This is expressed through the usage of music in the movie. For most portion of the film the music used is traditional dance hall tonss or Australian authoritative vocals such as time after time’ . which makes the simple instrumental Spanish music played in Fran’s house stood out. This non merely illustrates the differences between Fran and Scott’s background but besides puts the audience i nto the character’s places to see another type of dancing and civilization that exists on the land of Australia. This construct is once more strengthened at the last scene of the film when all the audiences joined with Scott’s parents and danced together. The long shooting that presents the incorporate crowd combines with mid shootings that focus on specific people like Fran’s male parent who has different background reinforce the positive intension of multiculturalism. This besides presents Strictly Ballroom as a film that mirrored the value of modern-day Australian society. which is all about credence and embracing. The pursue for dream is a construct that is extremely valued in Australia and the film Strictly Ballroom relate this thought with the impression of get the better ofing fright and the challenge of authorization. The focal point on lines such as A life lived in fright is a life half lived shows the importance of this in relation to the character’s will of accomplishing their ends. However their desire is frequently dishearten by the dancing federation. The uninterrupted usage of low angle shootings and the deficiency of music playing when characters such as Barry Fife talked set up their province of power. which the chief characters have to suppress. This besides made the scene from terminal of the film extremely symbolic. With the success of Scott and Fran’s public presentation. there was a high angle shooting picturing a falling Fife who tumbled with the trophies on the tabular array that contrasted with the old usage of low angel shootings. This scene non merely served as a amusing alleviation for its audience but besides represents the ruin of the authorization. emphasizing the significance of this confrontation in footings of the Scott and Fran’s accomplish of their dream. In context of this movie. these thoughts reflect the possibility of making one’s end in Australia. Just like the character of the underdog this besides relate to the stereotyped impression that this land epitomize a sense of hope and cha nce. My state written by Dorothea Mackellar is a verse form that illustrates both the natural beauty and danger of Australia. picturing really different visions of the same state in comparing to Strictly Ballroom. The poet’s repeated use of assorted rocks to depict the nature scenery of this state non merely stresses the genuineness of those characteristics. but besides made the rocks a metaphor for the land’s perfection. This is seen through lines such as An opal-hearted country’ and Sapphire-misted mountain’ . which continuously reinforce the echt impression of beauty in Australia. On the other manus Mackellar besides uses personification to depict the danger of this land. Lines such as Her beauty and her terror’ and her pitiless blue sky’ strengthen the image of the threating nature environment. giving the readers a existent sense of fright and worship for the poet’s state. Even though this text shared limited similarity with Baz Luhrman n’s Strictly Ballroom. it still manages to show visions and word pictures of Australia that is extremely valued in this state.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Enrico Fermi Essays - Nobel Laureates In Physics, Guggenheim Fellows

Enrico Fermi Essays - Nobel Laureates In Physics, Guggenheim Fellows Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi was an Italian-American physicist and Nobel laureate, known for achieving the first controlled nuclear reaction (Encarta 98). Enrico was born on Sep. 29, 1901 in Rome, Italy. Formally educated at the University of Pisa, Enrico was also a student of many leading theoretical physics centers. He soon became a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Rome. There he developed many new ways of explaining the behavior of electrons (Encarta 98). Some examples would be the development of the theory; beta decay. The one theory attributed towards him that was renowned in the world of physics and put him on the map as one might say was; the investigation of the production of artificial radioactivity by bombarding elements with neutrons(Encarta 98). For this he was later awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in physics. Due to the fact that his wife was Jewish he decided not to return to fascist Italy, in fact they immigrated to the US. While in the US he first started out as a professor at Columbia University. He then mover his teaching career to the University of Chicago where he was able to create the first controlled nuclear fission chain reaction which took place in Dec. 1942 (Encarta 98). For the remainder of the war he worked at Los Alamos, New Mexico on the A-bomb. He was then later openly opposed to the hydrogen bomb and debated it on ethical grounds (Encarta 98). He remained at the University of Chicago attracting students from all over the world to study under him. Although his contributions to the realm of physics are immeasurable they where also the cause of his death. Enrico Fermi had an untimely death due to Cancer on Nov. 28, 1954 in Chicago (Encarta 98). He also had an award that honors his memory which is given to an individual who is considered to have the greatest contribution to the development or use of atomic energy.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Research Paper on Victoian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Paper on Victoian - Essay Example The most conspicuous champion of new morality which became lively during the Victorian age was Tennyson (Glenn Everett "Tennyson and Victorianism" victorianweb.org). He started writing poems from very early age onwards. He got Chancellor's medal at Cambridge for his 'Timbuctoo'. 'The Lady of Shalott', 'Oenone', 'The Lotos-Eaters', etc. were the poems he wrote initially. In 1842 he completed the notable poems like 'Mort d' Arthur', 'Ulysses' and 'Locksley Hall'. These were followed by longer poems. 'The Princess' is a seriocomic poem that deals with the theme of the new woman wanting to shun male society and ending with a happy marriage. In 1850 appeared the important poem 'In Memoriam' which is a series of short poems on Tennyson's meditations on the death of his close friend. It contains many reflections on life and death which show the influence of the new theories of the day. It is considered to be one among the better works of Tennyson. Robert Browning (1812-1889) is a philosophical poet (Glenn Everett "Robert Browning-Biography" victorianweb.org). He contributed 'dramatic monologue' - a new form of poet, to English literature. These are poems written as an individual's words to others. The listeners don't speak but their mood and reactions are being explained by the speaker of the monologue. Thus it gets a dramatic form. Browning's monologues are of two types. In the first group he tells 'a soul's history in the episode of an hour'. In the second group he turns from the probing into the depths of human nature to assert in ringing terms the doctrines of the nobler life. The first group is far ahead in dramatization. Second are more direct expressions of his robust philosophy of life. Browning has written quite a few love poems. The best among them is 'One word more' which is addressed to his wife. Matthew Arnold's poems may be divided into two groups: narrative and lyrical. He wrote narrative poems taking Greek and Roman epic poems as models. His poetry is not sufficiently spontaneous. His is the poetry of reflection and there is the predominance of the intellectual element in it. There are several descriptions of flowers in his poems. Arthur Hugh Clough is remembered mainly for the poem 'Say not the struggle naught availeth'. Pre-Raphaelitism was an artistic movement of resisting the existing conventions in art and literature through a going back to the art forms in European art before the time of Raphael. D.G.Rossetti is one of the leaders of Pre-Raphaelitism in literature. His most important poem is 'The Blessed Damozel'. Christina Georgina Rossetti, D.G.Rossetti's younger sister also was a poet. Her works include 'Goblin market and other poems' and 'Verses and new poems'. William Morris who wrote so many poems kept enough resemblance to the poems of Rossetti. Thomas Babington Macaulay, Edwin Arnol, Francis Thompson, Emily Bronte, Charlotte Bronte, R.L.Stevenson, Oscar Wilde, etc. are the other famous names of the time in poetry ("Victorian poetry" victorian.fortunecity.com). Drama Tennyson, Browning and Matthew Arnold were the important poet dramatists of Victorian era. There were a few writers of plays in prose ("THE VICTORIAN ERA - Nonfiction, Poetry, The Victorian Novel, 19th-Century Drama" referatele.com). Thomas William Robertson penned enough number of plays which introduced a new more natural type of comedy to English stage. 'Castle' is

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Future trends in the internatonal criminal justcie Essay

Future trends in the internatonal criminal justcie - Essay Example Predictions for the future of the domestic and the international criminal justice for the 21st century had started as the new millennium approached. The other aspects of criminal justice whose past, current, and future trends should be assessed are the roles of individuals and that of the public, privatization of the criminal justice system, service-oriented ideas, and professionalism. This paper explores the future of international criminal justice, mentioning the past and the current trends that could influence the future of the profession. The Future of Criminal Justice What the criminal justice system will look like in the future can be estimated by certain criminal acts and trends, including terrorism, multicultural populations, large scale immigration, age and composition demographics, technological and scientific advances, and globalization among other factors. Nonetheless, there are certain forces or factors that will have greater effect than others and current and future cri minal justice system practitioners have no choice but to be conversant and compliant with these changes. One of these factors is the co-evolution of crime. Crime, like disease-causing microorganisms, will change with time in a manner corresponding to the more effective defense mechanisms put in place by its likely victims (Garland, 2002). For instance, while people may insert wheel locks and alarms to prevent auto theft, car thieves will apply devices that would neutralize such security measures. Notwithstanding the co-evolution of different types of crimes, the future will still see crime fighting being categorized into crime opportunity reduction, de-motivation of would-be criminals, and the changing of society’s and individuals’ basic values.... ng being categorized into crime opportunity reduction, de-motivation of would-be criminals, and the changing of society’s and individuals’ basic values. The purpose of the category of crime fighting that will change peoples’ value will be to target the nurturing of the youth so that they pick positive values, hence minimize their chances of becoming criminals and indulging in other disorderly behaviors (Sunga, 1997). All these categories of crime fighting will however be implemented according to the changing demographics, which are expected to be more flexible in the future. For instance, it has been postulated that the population of the most crime-prone group, males of age 15 to 29, will decline to a small extent while the population portion of 30-65 years old is expected to increases substantially. These foreseen demographic changes have the implication that more people will either be criminals or victims in the future. For example, the postulated increase in t hose aged above 60 years old implies that there could be more victims of crime in the future (Wolfgang, 1990). On the other hand, the increased percentage of this elderly portion in a given population could imply that these elders will use their discretionary time to guide the young on positive values or to report crimes, thus helping in the fight against crime (Wolfgang, 1990). Public Rights versus Individual Rights One of the future aspects of the international criminal justice system that is likely to be influenced by past and current trends is the individual versus public rights issue, often encountered in the system. In the future, the international criminal justice system will be expected to ensure that a steady and delicate balance is maintained between the interests of individuals and those of the

Monday, November 18, 2019

Management change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management change - Essay Example be said that the global market place is largely responsible for the promotion and faster diffusion of various kinds of global trends to various corners of the world. As a result of diffusion of global trends to various markets around the world, demands of various nature are continuously rising from the markets and consumers located in the developing and developed economies. This essentially promotes a significant amount of business opportunity for various organizations around the world. Because of the rise of digitized communication trends, the barriers to accessing information of various markets around the world have become almost nonexistent and redundant. The ease of access of information by organizations around the world, are essentially encouraging them and providing them with the potential to move forward and enter into new markets. This is in return resulting in the process of increase of competition in the global marketplace. Companies and organizations around the world are increasingly feeling the pinch of this increase in competition in the marketplace. In order to stay competitive in the marketplace, the organizations are trying their best to inculcate various amounts of change in their daily business processes, thereby generate, and increase the efficiency of the business in the marketplace. This has resulted in the rise of importance for change management among the organizations. Change management has become very crucial in various organizations around the world that are increasingly looking forward to inculcate a change in its method of doing business. It has to be said that change management is very essential as it plays a crucial role for the purpose of attaining sustainable growth in the business while changing as per market conditions and requirements. While viewing change management from the theoretic and academic point of view, it is important to mention the fact that the change management denotes a broad arena of activities that is related

Friday, November 15, 2019

Working Memory Capacity in Generalized Social Phobia

Working Memory Capacity in Generalized Social Phobia Nader Amir and Jessica Bomyea INTRODUCTION According to DSM-5TM (2013), Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) is a †Marked fear of one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.† Also they fear they will be judged negatively which might result being humiliated or face rejection to one (Comer, 2010). According to the report on working memory capacity the availability of cognitive resources depend on social cues and these cognitive abilities have a significant impact on people with social phobia. However, very few studies have been conducted so far regarding working memory and social phobia (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). It has been found in many studies that people suffering from social anxiety disorder has maladaptive cognitive assumptions which presumably results of worsening the symptoms associated with this disorder. This cognitive process can be without conscious effort and the availability of the cognitive resources can prevent the illogical thought processes which might arise if the mental resources are low. These executive control processes is referred as processes that are related to cognitive functions (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). It has been also found that people with social anxiety disorder has problems with attention thus it can hurt the performance of cognitive tasks. This has been proven in verbal reasoning, spatial reasoning and many other studies which were done on the purpose of proving that anxiety has an impact on the central processes. This is due to the fact that the anxious person has to focus on many other tasks rather than the main purpose and waste its mental resources without b eing effectively used. For instance, as the client has social phobia will evaluate oneself negatively on something that was stored on autobiographic memory. This wasting of cognitive resources in perceiving oneself in negative situations like this can affect the performance of working memory of an anxious person compared to a non-anxious person thus doing poor on tasks that requires cognition. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). This research was done in order to assess the impact on working memory capacity performance with neutral and social threat stimuli, among clients who have been clinically labeled with generalized social phobia. This was the first study done to compare WMC with neutral and threat stimuli on anxious individuals and these individuals use bottom-up information processing which enables them to be caught up in threat related stimuli. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Therefore, they proposed the hypothesis as; Ho: individuals with generalized social phobia show a greater WMC performance when exposed to a threat related stimuli than a neutral stimuli. H1: individuals who are non-anxious shows a greater WMC performance when exposed to a neutral stimuli than a threat related stimuli Method Participants There were 36 individuals in experimental group and 35 in the control group. In the experimental group patients are chosen with regard to the criteria mentioned in Diagnostic Statistical Manual ( DSM-IV) which includes taking a Structured Clinical Interview(SCID) as well as getting a score above 60 on Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Those who met the criterion were also in an ongoing treatment by the Center for Understanding and Treating Anxiety at San Diego state university. Among the 36 interviews which was videotaped, 20% percent was randomly rated by an independent clinician and got an interrater score of k=0.89 which increases the reliability of the selection procedure. As for the control group with non- anxious 35 individuals selected from the community had to undergo SCID screening aided by a clinic staff to check whether they met any past or present criteria’s of the disorder. Moreover they had to have a score that didn’t exceed beyond 29 on self-report version of LSIS. In this experiment all participants $20 for their collaboration. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Materials and Procedure This experiment was conducted empirically and the data was collected for a quantitative study although it was done by means of electronic media. This assessment was done by a computer based OSPAN (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). In which Operations Span paradigm (OSPAN) the members are supposed to recall words in a succession at the same time performing simple math problems. While keeping each participant in about a distance of 30cm from the computer screen, a fixation (+) at the center was shown for 500ms and then shows a blank screen for 500ms and finally shows a solved mathematics problem preceded by a word for 800ms.the math equation can be for example 2+3=4, which are researched to be used in WMC tasks. Once the decision is made the participant presses the right key on the mouse and then continues this same procedure for 2-6 times. Once this is done for2- 6 times the participants has to recall the order of the words which are shown on a screen and which were shown during the process. Words like â€Å"chair† which is neutral and â€Å"stupid† which is socially threatening were shows to study the effect of neutral and threat words on WMC span. Along with the words extra words are used as distractions on the screen during the 20 trials each participant finished. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Before the start of the experiment each participant was allowed to sign a consent form and do a LSAS( by the anxious) and LSAS-SR(by the non-anxious) tests with similar psychometric value. The participants were given a trial round before the real experiment and advised to remember the words and do as fast as possible while doing the math problems at the same time. The words used during the practice rounds were not included in the experimental sessions as part of accuracy. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Results Self-Report Measures At the end of the 20 sessions the group with generalized social phobia was reduced to 32 participants with the elimination of 3 participants due to lack of math accuracy below 85% and one participant having a math solving capacity three times higher than the mean standard deviation. Also the non-anxious group was reduced to 30 after elimination of 5 due to low math scores. However, the groups didn’t differ that much in age and education. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Math Reaction Times In this study participants were removed due to low math performance or too high performance which is consistent with other studies done earlier. The reaction times was calculated as a median value which shows that bot the generalized anxiety group and non-anxious group had close results when solving problems with social threat, t(60)=1.10,p=.28 or neutral words, t=(60)=1.60,p=.11. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Working Memory Span Scores WMC scores were calculated by the partial-credit load scoring where each participant gets one point for a word in its correct order in the list. The figure 1 below shows the comparison of means and standard error bars in both groups. The results obtained are consistent with the results from prior research. The results were also put into mixed design analysis of ANOVA with anxious, non-anxious, social threat and neutral as 2Ãâ€"2 designs. This test showed the interaction among the Group and Word type was significant. To add more value t tests was done which showed the worst WMC in GSP and NAC when neutral words are compared. Comparing non-anxious with two word types it doesn’t show much difference unlike the generalized social phobia group who recalled threat words by, t(31) = 2.30, p=.028. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Figure 1. Working memory capacity scores for generalized social phobia(GSP) and non-anxious control(NAC) groups. Discussion Results prove that non-anxious group did great when remembering neutral information. Also the generalized social phobia group was better at remembering threat related than neutral stimuli. This support the idea that anxious people are worse at recalling neutral information and thus support that their inability to maintain attention on one task leads to wasting of cognitive resources thus, doing bad at tasks. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Limitations This study itself has its own limitations including the idea the participants in GSP were more depressed than anxious, this hinders the understanding of anxiety on the results. This may be why they GSP group did much better on recalling social threats. Furthermore, they are unable to compare people with different levels of anxiety with the type of stimulus. The study also was not able to represent an entire population of people suffering generalized social phobia as the sample size is not representative plus the elimination of members from each group reduced its population size. . (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Suggestion for future research In future they could compare patients suffering from various stages of generalized social phobia to explain the extent of anxious nature can impact on the working memory performance (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Also they could select a sample that represents the population and has equal number of participants in both groups to improve accuracy. Moreover, in this study 72% of GSP and 50% NAC group represent female population which makes it unable to compare among the genders. So if the experiments can be conducted on genders we could understand how this anxious nature can have an impact on women and men that are equivalent in severity of the disorder to understand how powerful cognitive resources in both genders. This can also enable to assess the amount of damage that generalized social phobia can act on the cognitive resources in both genders WMC when a stimulus is a neutral one. This may in turn help to give proper attention to the people suffering from generalized social phobia and may recover easier with proper care for the individuals. Moreover, they could conduct experiment again with the DSM-5 criteria since it’s a recent version compared to DSM-IV text revised edition. References Amir, N., Bomyea, J. (2011). Working memory capacity in generalized social phobia.Journal Of Abnormal Psychology,120(2), 504-509. doi:10.1037/a0022849 APA (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition; DSM-5). Comer, R. J. (2010). Abnormal Psychology (7th Edition). New York: Worth Publishers.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Desegregation, Busing, and Schools Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive T

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of desegregation has been a very controversial issue since it was first legally introduced by the Supreme Court in 1954 with Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS. Favoring or not favoring desegregation has not been the issue; almost everyone says they are for it on the surface. The controversy arises when it comes to how to implement desegregation. Immediately following the Brown decision, which advocated school assignment regardless of race, many school districts adopted a geographic school assignment policy. This plan, especially in the 1950's, did very little to do away with segregated schools even though it was a race-neutral policy for integration. From that rocky beginning to desegregation, to the current battles over how best to implement desegregation through mandatory (or voluntary) busing of minorities and whites, this issue has been in the forefront of discussions about race and education. This paper will attempt to give a brief hist ory of desegregation in the United States, followed by a discussion of the current events which surround this issue (with balance given to the viewpoints of both sides), and then offer advice on solutions which most benefit everyone involved.       Brown v. Board of the Education in 1954 was a landmark decision in the education arena. The decision maintained that schools that separated students by the color of their skin could no longer be maintained. The court saw this as necessary, since in their mind schools for black students would always be inferior. This inferiority would not be caused by lack of resources, although that usually was a contributing factor to the poor quality of the school, physically and performance-wise. As the Supreme Court saw it, s... ...yllis A. and Dalmas A. Taylor, eds. Eliminating Racism. New York: Plenum Press, 1988. Bankston III, Carl and Stephen J. Caldas. "Majority African American schools and social injustice: the influence of de facto segregation on academic achievement." Social Forces, Dec. 1996, v75 n2 pp535-556. Bobo, Lawrence. "Whites' Opposition to Busing: Symbolic Racism or Realistic Group Conflict?" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983, v45 n6 pp. 1196-1210. Hacker, Andrew. Two Nations. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992. Katz, Phyllis A. and Dalmas A. Taylor, eds. Eliminating Racism. New York: Plenum Press, 1988. Massey, Douglas A. and Nancy A. Denton. American Apartheid. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. Rivkin, Steven G. "Residential Segregation and School Integration." Sociology of Education, Oct. 1994, v67 pp. 279-292.    Desegregation, Busing, and Schools Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive T   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of desegregation has been a very controversial issue since it was first legally introduced by the Supreme Court in 1954 with Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS. Favoring or not favoring desegregation has not been the issue; almost everyone says they are for it on the surface. The controversy arises when it comes to how to implement desegregation. Immediately following the Brown decision, which advocated school assignment regardless of race, many school districts adopted a geographic school assignment policy. This plan, especially in the 1950's, did very little to do away with segregated schools even though it was a race-neutral policy for integration. From that rocky beginning to desegregation, to the current battles over how best to implement desegregation through mandatory (or voluntary) busing of minorities and whites, this issue has been in the forefront of discussions about race and education. This paper will attempt to give a brief hist ory of desegregation in the United States, followed by a discussion of the current events which surround this issue (with balance given to the viewpoints of both sides), and then offer advice on solutions which most benefit everyone involved.       Brown v. Board of the Education in 1954 was a landmark decision in the education arena. The decision maintained that schools that separated students by the color of their skin could no longer be maintained. The court saw this as necessary, since in their mind schools for black students would always be inferior. This inferiority would not be caused by lack of resources, although that usually was a contributing factor to the poor quality of the school, physically and performance-wise. As the Supreme Court saw it, s... ...yllis A. and Dalmas A. Taylor, eds. Eliminating Racism. New York: Plenum Press, 1988. Bankston III, Carl and Stephen J. Caldas. "Majority African American schools and social injustice: the influence of de facto segregation on academic achievement." Social Forces, Dec. 1996, v75 n2 pp535-556. Bobo, Lawrence. "Whites' Opposition to Busing: Symbolic Racism or Realistic Group Conflict?" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983, v45 n6 pp. 1196-1210. Hacker, Andrew. Two Nations. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992. Katz, Phyllis A. and Dalmas A. Taylor, eds. Eliminating Racism. New York: Plenum Press, 1988. Massey, Douglas A. and Nancy A. Denton. American Apartheid. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. Rivkin, Steven G. "Residential Segregation and School Integration." Sociology of Education, Oct. 1994, v67 pp. 279-292. Â